What is the primary focus of geotechnical engineering?

The primary focus of geotechnical engineering is centered around studying soil and rock mechanics. This field is essential for understanding how these materials behave under various conditions and loads. Knowledge of soil and rock properties is critical when designing and constructing foundations, retaining structures, embankments, and other earth-related projects. Geotechnical engineers analyze the physical and chemical properties of soil and rock, which allows them to evaluate stability, seepage, and other factors that can affect the integrity of structures built on or within these materials.

In contrast, while designing structural frameworks involves the application of engineering principles relating to materials such as steel and concrete, it does not directly pertain to geotechnical engineering. Similarly, developing drainage systems is an important aspect of civil engineering that may intersect with geotechnics but is not the sole focus of this field. Assessing environmental impacts is also vital in engineering projects but falls under the domain of environmental engineering as opposed to the foundational aspects studied in geotechnical engineering. Thus, the emphasis on soil and rock mechanics makes the study of these materials the cornerstone of geotechnical engineering.