Which of the following is a major concern when dealing with surface runoff?

Surface runoff presents significant challenges in terms of erosion and drainage management. When precipitation falls, it can lead to excess water moving over the land surface rather than being absorbed into the ground. This process can cause soil erosion as the flowing water displaces soil particles, which can lead to the degradation of land and natural habitats.

Proper drainage is also crucial in managing surface runoff effectively. Without proper drainage systems in place, water can pool in unwanted areas, leading to flooding and damage to infrastructure. Managing these elements is essential not only to protect the environment but also to maintain the functionality of civil engineering projects, including roads and buildings. The impacts of uncontrolled runoff can have lasting effects, making the prevention of erosion and effective drainage the primary concerns when dealing with surface runoff.

While soil stabilization, structural integrity, and material selection are important in their own rights, they are more related to the broader aspects of construction and environmental management rather than directly addressing the specific issues posed by surface runoff.